Does a Differential Pair Need a Return Plane?

A differential pair is any two transmission lines. When each transmission line has a return plane, its pretty clear how the differential impedance is related to the geometry. But what if there is no... [more]

The Mystery of Bypass Capacitors

How do you design a high-speed digital circuit with enough bypass caps in the right area to supply all the peak power demands? You can’t listen to all the expert advice because it seems they can’t... [more]

PCB Design and Assembly Process Strategy for High Density CSP, WLP, 2D and 3D Semiconductor Package Technology

Topics covered: 1. BGA/CSP process technologies and standards; single die BGA and FBGA packaging, flip-chip and die-size package technologies, wafer level packaging (WLP), fan-out wafer-level... [more]

From Smart Factory Automation to Digital Twin Standard: Ushering a New Era for Design and Manufacturing

The new IPC Digital Twin standard (IPC-2551) defines an interoperable framework in which thousands of applications from multiple sources work seamlessly together, providing the opportunity for... [more]